WritingLaw (Page 253)

45. Opinions of experts. When the Court has to form an opinion upon a point of foreign law, or of science, or art, or as to identity of hand writing or finger-impressions, the opinions upon that point of persons specially skilled in such foreign law, science or art, or inRead…

45A. Opinion of Examiner of electronic evidence. When in a proceeding, the court has to form an opinion on any matter relating to any information transmitted or stored in any computer resource or any other electronic or digital form, the opinion of the examiner of electronic evidence referred to inRead…

46. Facts bearing upon opinions of experts. Facts, not otherwise relevant, are relevant if they support or are inconsistent with the opinion of experts when such opinions are relevant. Illustrations- (a) The question is, whether A was poisoned by a certain poison. The fact that other persons who were poisonedRead…

47. Opinions as to handwriting when relevant. When the Court has to form an opinion as to the person by whom document was written or signed, the opinion of any person acquainted with the handwriting of the person by whom it is supposed to be written or signed that itRead…

47A. Opinion as to electronic signature when relevant. When the Court has to form an opinion as to the electronic signature of any person, the opinion of the Certifying Authority which has issued the electronic Signature Certificate is a relevant fact. Read Indian Evidence Act in a beautiful, systematic way.Read…

48. Opinion as to existence of right or custom when relevant. When the Court has to form an opinion as to existence of any general custom or right, the opinions as to the existence of such custom or rights, of persons who would be likely to know of its existenceRead…

49. Opinion as to usages, tenants etc when relevant. When the Court has to form an opinion as to – the usage’s and tenants of any body of men or family, the constitution and government of any religious or charitable foundation, or the meaning of words or terms used inRead…

50. Opinion on relationship when relevant. When the Court has to form an opinion as to the relationship of one person to another, the opinion, expressed by conduct, as to the existence of such relationship, or any person who, as a member of the family or otherwise, has special meansRead…

51. Grounds of opinion when relevant. Whenever the opinion of any living person is relevant, the grounds on which such opinion is based are also relevant.  Illustration– An expert may give an account of experiments performed by him for the purpose of forming his opinion. Read Indian Evidence Act inRead…

52. In civil cases character to prove conduct imputed, irrelevant. In civil cases, the fact that the character of any person concerned is such as to render probable or improbably any conduct imputed to him, is irrelevant except in so far as such character appears from facts otherwise relevant. ReadRead…

53. In criminal cases, previous good character relevant. In criminal proceedings the fact that the person accused is of good character, is relevant. Read Indian Evidence Act in a beautiful, systematic way. Read Evidence Act each section wise. Download beautiful, colourful PDF for Evidence Act.Read…

53A. Evidence of character or previous sexual experience not relevant in certain cases. In the prosecution for an offence under section 354, section 354A, section 354B, section 354C, section 354D, section 376, section 376A, section 376AB*, section 376B, section 376C, section 376D, section 376DA*, section 376DB* or section 376E of theRead…

54. Previous bad character not relevant except in reply. In criminal proceedings the fact that the accused person had a bad character is irrelevant, unless evidence has been given that he has a character in which case it becomes relevant. Explanation 1- This section does not apply to cases inRead…

55. Character as affecting damages. In civil cases, the fact that the character of any person is such as to affect the amount of damages which he ought to receive is relevant.  Explanation- In Section 52, 53, 54 and 55, the word “character” includes both reputation and disposition; but exceptRead…

56. Fact Judicially noticeable need not be proved. No fact of which the Court will take judicial notice need be proved. Comments: Judicial Notice of fact that many blind persons have acquired great academic distinctions can be taken by court. Related Case- Jai Shankar Prasad v. State of Bihar, 1993 ReadRead…

57. Facts of which Court must take judicial notice. The Court shall take judicial notice of the following facts- 1- All laws in force in the territory of India. 2- All public Acts passed or hereafter to be passed by Parliament of the United Kingdom, and all local and personal Acts directedRead…