Section 86 – Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA)
86. Presumption as to electronic records and electronic signatures. (1) In any proceeding involving a secure electronic record, the Court shall presume unless contrary isRead More →
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86. Presumption as to electronic records and electronic signatures. (1) In any proceeding involving a secure electronic record, the Court shall presume unless contrary isRead More →
87. Presumption as to Electronic Signature Certificates. The Court shall presume, unless contrary is proved, that the information listed in an Electronic Signature Certificate isRead More →
88. Presumption as to certified copies of foreign judicial records. (1) The Court may presume that any document purporting to be a certified copy ofRead More →
89. Presumption as to books, maps and charts. The Court may presume that any book to which it may refer for information on matters ofRead More →
90. Presumption as to electronic messages. The Court may presume that an electronic message, forwarded by the originator through an electronic mail server to theRead More →
91. Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced. The Court shall presume that every document, called for and not produced after noticeRead More →
92. Presumption as to documents thirty years old. Where any document, purporting or proved to be thirty years old, is produced from any custody whichRead More →
93. Presumption as to electronic records five years old. Where any electronic record, purporting or proved to be five years old, is produced from anyRead More →
CHAPTER VI – OF THE EXCLUSION OF ORAL EVIDENCE BY DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE 94. Evidence of terms of contracts, grants and other dispositions of property reducedRead More →
95. Exclusion of evidence of oral agreement. When the terms of any such contract, grant or other disposition of property, or any matter required byRead More →
96. Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document. When the language used in a document is, on its face, ambiguous or defective, evidenceRead More →
97. Exclusion of evidence against application of document to existing facts. When language used in a document is plain in itself, and when it appliesRead More →
98. Evidence as to document unmeaning in reference to existing facts. When language used in a document is plain in itself, but is unmeaning inRead More →
99. Evidence as to application of language which can apply to one only of several persons. When the facts are such that the language usedRead More →
100. Evidence as to application of language to one of two sets of facts, to neither of which the whole correctly applies. When the languageRead More →
101. Evidence as to meaning of illegible characters, etc. Evidence may be given to show the meaning of illegible or not commonly intelligible characters, ofRead More →
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