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Cooperative federalism means that there should be a mechanism for coordination between the union and the states. Institutions like the national development council, finance commission, and zonal councils have promoted cooperative federalism.
Competitive federalism is a philosophy that promotes competition between the states and the union and between the state governments.Read More →
248. Residuary powers of legislation. (1) Subject to article 246A*, Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumeratedRead More →
Attempts To Commit Offences
511. Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment.
Whoever attempts to commit an offence punishable by this Code with imprisonment for life or imprisonment, or to cause such an offence to be committed, and in such attempt does any act towards the commission of the offence, shall, where no express provision is made by this Code for the punishment of such attempt…Read More →
New initiatives like filing cases online and seeing the dates and other case details online are designed to give voice to the voiceless.Read More →
In a general sense, defence means to protect from something. The right of private defence under the Indian Penal Code is a defence which a person exercises to protect one’s or other’s body and property.
The defence is available as a shield to protect and not to commute offence in the name of defence. This right is available to a person only when he has no other option than protecting himself or herself. It is not an absolute right. It also has some restrictions and limitations.Read More →
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA,
having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a
SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
and to secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;
and to promote among them all FRATERNITY…Read More →
The Union and its Territory
Article 1 – Name and territory of the Union.
Article 2 – Admission or establishment of new States.
Article 2A – Sikkim to be associated with the Union.
Article 3 – Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States.
Article 4 – Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters.Read More →
Citizenship
Article 5 – Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution.
Article 6 – Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan.
Article 7 – Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan.
Article 8 – Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India.
Article 9 – Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens.
Article 10 – Continuance of the rights of citizenship.
Article 11 – Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.Read More →
Fundamental Rights
Article 12 – Definition.
Article 13 – Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.
Article 14 – Equality before law.
Article 15 – Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
Article 16 – Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
Article 17 – Abolition of Untouchability.
Article 18 – Abolition of titles.
Article 19 – Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.Read More →
Directive Principles of State Policy
Article 36 – Definition.
Article 37 – Application of the principles contained in this Part.
Article 38 – State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.
Article 39 – Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.
Article 39A – Equal justice and free legal aid.
Article 40 – Organisation of village panchayats.
Article 41 – Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases.Read More →
Fundamental Duties
51A. Fundamental duties.
It shall be the duty of every citizen of India-
(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;Read More →
The Union
Chapter I – The Executive
Article 52. The President of India.
Article 53. Executive power of the Union.
Article 54. Election of President.
Article 55. Manner of election of President.
Article 56. Term of office of President.
Article 57. Eligibility for re-election.
Article 58. Qualifications for election as President.Read More →
Section 53 IPC. Punishment. The punishments to which offenders are liable under the provisions of this Code are- First – Death; Secondly – Imprisonment for life; ThirdlyRead More →
The States
Chapter I – General
Article 152 – Definition.
Chapter II – The Executive
Article 153 – Governors of States.
Article 154. Executive power of State.
Article 155 – Appointment of Governor.
Article 156 – Term of office of Governor.
Article 157 – Qualifications for appointment as Governor.Read More →
Repealed
Article 238
The States in Part B of the First Schedule. Repealed by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 29 and Sch. with effect from 1-11-1956.
Extra Read:
First of all lets understand that the article 238 of Indian Constitution was repealed in 1956 after the “part B” states were removed and were included as ‘states’ after the 7th Constitutional Amendment, 1956.Read More →
The Union Territories
Article 239 – Administration of Union territories.
Article 239A – Creation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territories.
Article 239AA – Special provisions with respect to Delhi.
Article 239AB – Provision in case of failure of constitutional machinery.
Article 239B – Power of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.Read More →
