Indian Evidence Act’s four most important questions

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The whole base of the Indian Evidence Act is pillared on four questions:
1. WHAT IS EVIDENCE GIVEN FOR?
Answer: Evidence is given for Facts (Facts in Issue and Relevant Facts)
Note that evidence is not given for Law.

2. HOW ARE THE EVIDENCE FOR FACTS GIVEN?
Answer: Evidence for facts is given orally called Oral Evidence or by proper documents called Documentary Evidence.Read More →

Difference between Public and Private Documents

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1. Section 74 of the Indian Evidence Act defines public documents –

Documents forming the act or records of sovereign authority namely Parliament, Legislative Assemblies, official bodies, tribunals, public officers or any part of India or of Commonwealth or foreign country.

Section 75 says that all other documents other than public and private documents.Read More →

March 2021 - Law News for Students and Advocates

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1. The last three accused of the 2004 Ishrat Jahan’s encounter case have been discharged by a special CBI court today. The three accused were Indian Police Service officer G.L. Singhal, State Reserve Police Commando Anaju Chaudhary and retired Director General of Police Tarun Barot.

While delivering the order, the Court has stated that the act done by the accused was in the discharge of their duties or implied in the discharge of their duties.Read More →

Important Terms in Muslim Law

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Muslim law is a part of personal laws or family laws. It is not a codified law. People belonging to Islam are governed through shariyat. While studying, there are many terminologies and terms which are difficult to be understood. Most of the terms are in Arab, but it is not that difficult.

Important Terms in Muslim Law

1. Ayyam-e-jahiliya- It refers to the pre-Islamic era.Read More →

CRUELTY BY HUSBAND OR RELATIVES OF HUSBAND

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Cruelty by Husband or Relatives of Husband

498A. Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty.

Whoever, being the husband or the relative of the husband of a woman, subjects such woman to cruelty shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine.

Explanation-
For the purpose of this section, “cruelty” means-Read More →

DEFAMATION

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Defamation

Section 499 – Defamation.
Section 500 – Punishment for defamation.
Section 501 – Printing or engraving matter known to be defamatory.
Section 502 – Sale of printed or engraved substance containing defamatory matter.

Whoever, by words either spoken or intended to be read, or by signs or by visible representations, makes or publishes any imputation concerning any person intending to harm, or knowing or having reason to believe that such imputation will harm, the reputation of such person, is said, except in the cases hereinafter expected, to defame that person.Read More →

CRIMINAL INTIMIDATION, INSULT AND ANNOYANCE

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Criminal Intimidation, Insult And Annoyance

Section 503 – Criminal intimidation.
Section 504 – Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of the peace.
Section 505 – Statements conducing to public mischief.
Section 506 – Punishment for criminal intimidation.
Section 507 – Criminal intimidation by an anonymous communication.
Section 508 – Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of the Divine displeasure.
Section 509 – Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman.
Section 510 – Misconduct in public by a drunken person.Read More →